Riesgo de mortalidad en infecciones invasivas por Mucor SPP. en niños con enfermedades hemato-oncológicas: revisión sistemática / Mortality risk of invasive Mucor spp. infections in children with cancer: A systematic review

Los estudios sobre la infección fúngica invasiva (IFI) por Mucor spp. en pacientes pediátricos con patología hematooncológica, son de baja solidez científica, lo que dificulta conocer en profundidad sus características y evolución. Con el objetivo de analizar la evolución fatal de esos pacientes, se llevó a cabo esta revisión sistemática (RS). Material y métodos: La búsqueda bibliográfica se realizó con fecha 23 de marzo de 2023, en las principales bases de datos (Medline (a través de Pubmed), Embase (a través de Embase-Elsevier), The Cochrane Library (a través de Wiley), Cinahl (a través de Ebsco HOST), SCI-EXPANDED, SciELO (a través de la WOS) y Scopus (a través de Scopus-Elsevier), libre (mediante el motor Google) y revisando las citas de los artículos incluidos. Resultados: Se rescataron 1393 artículos, de los cuales se descartaron 1386 por diversas razones. Mediante el análisis de los textos completos, finalmente se incluyeron 7 estudios. Todos los estudios eran series de casos (nivel 4). La mediana de la frecuencia de muerte observada fue de 36,6% (Q1 20% - Q347%). Conclusiones: Esta RS mostró en niños con patología hemato-oncológica, que la mortalidad por IFI por Mucor spp. alcanzó a casi un tercio de los pacientes (AU)

Studies on invasive fungal infection (IFI) by Mucor spp. in pediatric patients with cancer have a low level of evidence, which makes it difficult to elucidate its characteristics and progression. To analyze the fatal outcome of these patients, this systematic review (SR) was conducted. Material and methods: A literature search was carried out on March 23, 2023, in the following main databases (Medline (via Pubmed), Embase (via Embase-Elsevier), The Cochrane Library (via Wiley), Cinahl (via Ebsco HOST), SCI-EXPANDED, SciELO (via the WOS) and Scopus (via Scopus-Elsevier). Additionally, a complementary search was carried out using free search engines (such as Google) and by reviewing the references of the included articles. Results: A total of 1393 articles were retrieved, of which 1386 were excluded for various reasons. After a thorough analysis of the full-text articles, 7 studies were ultimately included in the review. All studies were case series (level 4). The median observed death rate was 36.6% (IQR, 20% - 47%). Conclusions: This SR showed that in children with hematological-oncological disease, mortality due to IFI by Mucor spp. affected almost one third of the patients (AU)

El controvertido complejo Burkholderia cepacia, un grupo de especies promotoras del crecimiento vegetal y patógenas de plantas, animales y humanos / The controversial Burkholderia cepacia complex, a group of plant growth promoting species and plant, animals and human pathogens

El complejo Burkholderia cepacia está formado por 22 especies conocidas como patógenos oportunistas en personas inmunocomprometidas, especialmente en aquellas con fibrosis quística. También se aíslan de infecciones nosocomiales y son difíciles de erradicar debido a su capacidad intrínseca para resistir una gran variedad de antibióticos. En general, estas especies presentan genomas de gran tamaño (hasta 9 Mpb) divididos en 2-5 replicones. Esta característica aporta una gran versatilidad metabólica, que se considera importante para habitar el suelo, el agua, las plantas, incluso los nódulos en leguminosas. Algunas especies del complejo B. cepacia exhiben actividades benéficas, como biorremediación, biocontrol y promoción del crecimiento vegetal. No obstante, debido a su papel en infecciones de humanos, su uso en la agricultura está restringido. El complejo B. cepacia es un tema constante de estudio debido a su impacto en el sector salud y su potencial en la agricultura. En este trabajo se examina la historia del complejo B. cepacia y se revisa la información reciente relacionada con este grupo de bacterias.

The Burkholderia cepacia complex is a group of 22 species, which are known as opportunistic pathogens in immunocompromised people, especially those suffering from cystic fibrosis. It is also found in nosocomial infections and is difficult to eradicate due to intrinsic resistance to several antibiotics. The species have large genomes (up to 9 Mbp), distributed into 2-5 replicons. These features significantly contribute to genome plasticity, which makes them thrive in different environments like soil, water, plants or even producing nodules in legume plants. Some B. cepacia complex species are beneficial in bioremediation, biocontrol and plant-growth promotion. However, because the B. cepacia complex is involved in human infection, its use in agriculture is restricted. B. cepacia complex is being constantly studied due to the health problems that it causes and because of its agricultural potential. In this review, the history of B. cepacia complex and the most recently published information related to this complex are revised.

Presence of Candida spp. and candidiasis in liver transplant patients

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Candidiasis is the most common opportunistic fungal infection of the oral cavity caused by fungi of the genus Candida and usually associated with immunosuppressed individuals. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the presence of oral candidiasis and identify the presence of Candida spp. in liver transplant recipients and assess the association between the presence of the fungus and sociodemographic variables, dietary habits and environmental exposure. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed with 49 patients who had undergone liver transplants at Hospital São Vicente de Paulo in Passo Fundo - RS. Patient information was collected to obtain sociodemographic data, eating habits and environmental exposure. Fungal infections were screened by oral clinical examination and the presence of Candida spp by the collection of oral samples with a sterile swab, seeded in Sabouraud Dextrose Agar, incubated at 25°C and observed at 48 hours. To identify Candida albicans, the germ tube test was performed. RESULTS: In 49 patient samples, 39% had the yeast of the genus Candida isolated and, of these patients, 12% had candidiasis, 66% of atrophic type and 34% pseudomembranous. Eleven yeast species were (58%) Candida non-albicans and eight (42%) Candida albicans. STUDY LIMITATIONS: The present study presents as a limitation the inclusion of patients in different stages of immunosuppression. CONCLUSION: The high incidence of Candida non-albicans in the oral cavity of transplant patients with a long period of transplantation is warning to a more effective control of the health of these individuals, especially those with older age.

Streptococcus pneumoniae: distribution of serotypes and antimicrobial susceptibility in patients with cáncer / Streptococcus pneumoniae: distribución de serotipos y susceptibilidad antimicrobiana en pacientes con cancer

Abstract: Objective: To describe the distribution of pneumococcal serotypes causing infectious diseases in patients with hematological malignancies and solid tumors and their antimicrobial susceptibility before and after introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) in Mexico. Materials and methods: Consecutive pneumococcal isolates from hospitalized patients from the SIREVA-network were serotyped using the Quellung reaction and antimicrobial susceptibility was performed using the broth microdilution method. Results: A total of 175 pneumococcal isolates were recovered, 105 from patients with hematological malignancies and 70 with solid tumors. Serotypes 19A (22.7%), 19F (20.4%), and 35B (17.7%) were the most frequent isolates in the first group and serotypes 3 (27.2%) and 19A (28.6%) in the second group. No decreased susceptibility to beta-lactams or TMP/SMX was observed after introduction of PCV7. Conclusions: An increase in non-vaccine types is observed without significate changes in antimicrobial susceptibility after introduction of PCV7.

Resumen: Objetivo: Describir la distribución de serotipos neumocócicos en pacientes con neoplasias hematológicas y tumores sólidos, así como la susceptibilidad antimicrobiana antes y después de la introducción de la vacuna conjugada contra neumococo (PCV7) en México. Material y métodos: Se tipificaron, mediante la reacción de Quellung, los aislamientos consecutivos en hospitales de la Red SIREVA-México. Se determinó la susceptibilidad antimicrobiana mediante microdilución en placa. Resultados: Se recuperaron 175 aislamientos, de los cuales 105 provenían de pacientes con neoplasias hematológicas y 70 con tumores sólidos. Los serotipos 19A (22.7%), 19F (20.4%) y 35B (17.7%) fueron los más frecuentes en el primer grupo y los serotipos 3 (27.2%) y 19A (28.6%) en el segundo. No se observó disminución de la resistencia a betalactámicos o TMP/SMX después de la introducción de PCV7. Conclusiones: Se observa un incremento de serotipos no vacunales, sin cambios significativos en la susceptibilidad antimicrobiana antes y después de la introducción de PCV7.

The importance of risk factors for the prediction of patients with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis

Summary Objective: Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a major challenge in the management of immunocompromised patients. Despite all the advances in diagnosis, it remains a problem. The purpose of our study was to investigate the risk factors associated with IPA seen in patients with hematological malignancies. Method: A total of 152 febrile neutropenia (FEN) patients with hematological malignancies aged over 18 years and receiving high-dose chemotherapy or stem cell transplant between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2012 were included in the study. Sixty-five (65) cases with IPA according to the European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer and Infectious Diseases Mycoses Study Group criteria were enrolled as the case group, while 87 patients without IPA development during concomitant monitoring were enrolled as the control group. Incidence of IPA was 21.4% (3/14) in patients receiving bone marrow transplant (allogeneic 2, autologous 1) and those cases were also added into the case group. The two groups were compared in terms of demographic, clinical and laboratory findings and risk factors associated with IPA investigated retrospectively. Results: Presence of relapse of primary disease, neutropenia for more than 3 weeks, presence of bacterial infection, and non-administration of antifungal prophylaxis were identified as risk factors associated with IPA. Conclusion: It may be possible to reduce the incidence of the disease by eliminating preventable risk factors. Predicting those risks would, per se, enable early diagnosis and treatment and, thus, the mortality rate of these patients would unquestionably decline.

Feohifomicosis nasal por Curvularia spicifera en un paciente pediátrico con neutropenia y leucemia mieloide aguda / Nasal phaeohyphomycosis by Curvularia spicifera in pediatric patient with neutropenia and acute myeloid leukemia

There are very few reports of pediatric patients with infections by dematiaceous filamentous fungi. In this publication we report a case of invasive fungal infection of the nasal septum by Curvularia spicifera in a pediatric patient with acute myeloid leukemia. The patient presented with a painful scabby wound in the nasal vestibule. Culture and universal PCR were consistent with Curvularia spicifera. Early management with surgical debridement and bi-associated antifungal therapy achieved complete resolution of the lesions, with no evidence of dissemination and relapses. Clinical management of these fungal infections represents a challenge as the antifungal selection and duration of therapy is not yet well stablished.

Existen pocos reportes de infecciones por hongos dematiáceos en pediatría. Comunicamos el caso de una infección fúngica invasora del tabique nasal en un niño con una leucemia mieloide aguda, que se presentó como una lesión costrosa dolorosa en el vestíbulo nasal. Se realizó desbridamiento quirúrgico precoz y recibió tratamiento antifúngico biasociado, lográndose resolución completa de las lesiones, sin diseminación ni recaídas. El cultivo y la RPC universal fueron compatibles con Curvularia spicifera. El manejo de estas infecciones fúngicas representa un desafío, considerando que la elección del agente antifúngico y la duración de la terapia no están completamente establecidas.

Cellular immunodeficiency related to chronic dermatophytosis in a patient with Schistosoma mansoni infection: can schistosomiasis induce immunodeficiency?

Abstract: Here, we describe a case of hepatosplenic schistosomiasis that progressed to widespread persistent dermatophytosis. Significant T and B lymphocytopenia was confirmed. T-cell deficit is associated with increased susceptibility to fungal infections of skin and mucous membranes. The accumulation of a large amount of blood cells in the spleen could have played a crucial role in the development of lymphocytopenia in the present case. Alternatively, the schistosomiasis-induced increase in prostaglandin E2 levels could have inhibited the production of interferon-γ, a cytokine fundamental to fungal resistance. This case shows the potential of hepatosplenic schistosomiasis to impair the immune response.

Disseminated cryptococcosis manifested as a single tumor in an immunocompetent patient, similar to the cutaneous primary forms

Abstract Cryptococcosis is a fungal infection caused by Cryptococcus neoformans that tends to affect immunocompromised individuals. The fungi are mostly acquired by inhalation, which leads to an initial pulmonary infection. Later, other organs - such as the central nervous system and the skin - can be affected by hematogenous spread. In addition, cutaneous contamination can occur by primary inoculation after injuries (primary cutaneous cryptococcosis), whose diagnosis is defined based on the absence of systemic involvement. The clinical presentation of cutaneous forms typically vary according to the infection mode. We report an unusual case of disseminated cryptococcosis in an immunocompetent patient with cutaneous lesions similar to those caused by primary inoculation. This clinical picture leads us to question the definition of primary cutaneous cryptococcosis established in the literature.

Acinetobacter baumannii resistente a carbapenémicos causante de osteomielitis e infecciones de la piel y los tejidos blandos en hospitales de Medellín, Colombia / Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii causing osteomyelitis and infections of skin and soft tissues in hospitals of Medellín, Colombia

Introducción. Acinetobacter baumannii es una bacteria oportunista que infecta a pacientes gravemente enfermos, principalmente con neumonía asociada al uso del respirador y bacteriemia. La aparición de resistencia a los carbapenémicos limita las opciones terapéuticas para el manejo de las infecciones ocasionadas por esta bacteria. Objetivo. Describir las características clínicas y moleculares de las infecciones ocasionadas por A. baumannii resistente a carbapenémicos en hospitales de Medellín. Materiales y métodos. Durante dos años se llevó a cabo un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal en cinco hospitales de Medellín. La información clínica provenía de las historias clínicas. La presencia de carbapenemasas se evaluó mediante el test tridimensional y la técnica de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa. La tipificación molecular se hizo con electroforesis en gel de campo pulsado y tipificación de secuencias de múltiples locus. Resultados. Se incluyeron 32 pacientes, 13 de los cuales presentaban infecciones de la piel y los tejidos blandos (n=7, 21,9 %), y osteomielitis (n=6, 18,7 %). Los porcentajes de resistencia fueron superiores a 80 % para todos los antibióticos evaluados, excepto para la colistina y la tigecilina. Las carbapenemasas OXA-23 y OXA-51, así como la secuencia de inserción IS Aba1 , se detectaron en todos los aislamientos. La electroforesis en gel de campo pulsado reveló una gran diversidad genética en los aislamientos, y la tipificación de secuencias de múltiples locus evidenció la circulación de los clones ST229 y ST758 en la ciudad. Conclusión. Contrario a lo reportado previamente, los resultados del estudio revelaron que la osteomielitis y las infecciones de la piel y los tejidos blandos eran los principales cuadros clínicos causados por A. baumannii resistente a carbapenémicos en instituciones de Medellín, y resaltan su importancia como agente etiológico de este tipo de infecciones.

Introduction: Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic bacterium which infects seriously ill patients, particularly those with ventilator-associated pneumonia and bacteremia. The emergence of resistance to carbapenem limits the options for the treatment of infections caused by this bacterium. Objective: To describe the clinical and molecular characteristics of infections caused by carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii in Medellín hospitals. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in five Medellín hospitals over a 2-year period. Clinical information was obtained from medical histories of patients. The presence of carbapenemases was evaluated by three-dimensional test and PCR. Molecular typing was performed using PFGE and MLST. Results: The study included 32 patients, 13 of whom presented skin and soft tissue infections (n=7, 21.9%) or osteomyelitis (n=6, 18.7%). Resistance rates of the isolates exceeded 80% for all the antibiotics evaluated except colistin and tigecycline. Carbapenemases OXA-23 and OXA-51, as well as the insertion sequence IS Aba1 , were detected in all the isolates. PFGE revealed high genetic diversity in the isolates and MLST showed clones ST229 and ST758 are circulating in the city. Conclusion: In contrast to previous reports, the results of the present study showed osteomyelitis and infections of skin and soft tissues to be the main infections caused by carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii in Medellín hospitals and revealed its importance as an etiological agent for this type of infections.

Bacteriemia recurrente por Bordetella bronchiseptica en un paciente con trasplante de medula ósea / Bordetella bronchiseptica recurrent bacteraemia in a patient with bone marrow transplantation

Se reporta un caso de bacteriemia recurrente por Bordetella bronchiseptica en un paciente inmunocomprometido con antecedentes de trasplante alogénico de medula ósea por síndrome mielodisplásico, quien ingresó al hospital por síndrome febril. Bordetella bronchiseptica es un agente patógeno veterinario poco común en humanos que afecta principalmente a pacientes inmunocomprometidos y es causa poco frecuente de bacteriemia.

We report a case of recurrent bacteraemia caused by Bordetella bronchiseptica in an immunocompromised patient with a history of allogenic bone marrow transplantation for myelodysplastic syndrome, who was admitted to hospital with febrile syndrome. Bordetella bronchiseptica is an uncommon human pathogen which mainly affects immunocompromised patients, being a rare cause of bacteraemia.

Onychomycosis due to opportunistic molds

Abstract BACKGROUND: Onychomycosis are caused by dermatophytes and Candida, but rarely by non- dermatophyte molds. These opportunistic agents are filamentous fungi found as soil and plant pathogens. OBJECTIVES: To determine the frequency of opportunistic molds in onychomycosis. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 4,220 cases with onychomycosis, diagnosed in a 39-month period at the Institute of Dermatology and Skin surgery "Prof. Dr. Fernando A. Cordero C." in Guatemala City, and confirmed with a positive KOH test and culture. RESULTS: 32 cases (0.76%) of onychomycosis caused by opportunistic molds were confirmed. The most affected age group ranged from 41 to 65 years (15 patients, 46.9%) and females were more commonly affected (21 cases, 65.6%) than males. Lateral and distal subungual onychomycosis (OSD-L) was detected in 20 cases (62.5%). The microscopic examination with KOH showed filaments in 19 cases (59.4%), dermatophytoma in 9 cases (28.1%), spores in 2 cases (6.25%), and filaments and spores in 2 cases (6.25%). Etiologic agents: Aspergillus sp., 11 cases (34.4%); Scopulariopsis brevicaulis, 8 cases (25.0%); Cladosporium sp., 3 cases (9.4%); Acremonium sp., 2 cases (6.25%); Paecilomyces sp., 2 cases (6.25%); Tritirachium oryzae, 2 cases (6.25%); Fusarium sp., Phialophora sp., Rhizopus sp. and Alternaria alternate, 1 case (3.1%) each. CONCLUSIONS: We found onychomycosis by opportunistic molds in 0.76% of the cases and DLSO was present in 62.5%. The most frequent isolated etiological agents were: Aspergillus sp. and Scopulariopsis brevicaulis. .

Oral cavity infection: an adverse effect after the treatment of oral cancer in aged individuals

Objective: The immune compromised patients after treatment of oral cancer may have a chance of infection by drug-resistant opportunistic microbes. We investigated the occurrence of opportunistic microorganisms in aged individuals receiving follow-up examinations after treatment of oral cancer in China. Material and Methods: These patients were used as test group and the respective age grouped healthy individuals as control group. In this study, the oral cavity microorganisms such as bacteria and yeast were taken for the analysis. After the screening of representative microorganisms, their aptitude of pervasiveness against drugs was studied. Here, we used antimicrobial agents which are common in clinical practice. We also performed studies to investigate the presence of toxin genes in methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Results: The results indicate that the prevalence of drug-resistant microbes was more pronounced in oral cancer patients after initial treatment above 70 years old. The oxacillin resistance of S. aureus isolate confirms that the prevalence of MRSA is increasing in accordance to age-factor and immune compromise in elderly patients. Conclusions: This study reveals the occurrence of drug-resistant opportunistic microorganisms in oral cavity after treatment for oral cancer in aged individuals. Special attention should be directed to MRSA during the treatment of oral cancer, and to realize the fact of immune compromise in elderly patients. .

Análise estrutural e microbiológica de chupetas de crianças de creches públicas e particulares / Análisis estructural y microbiológico de los chupetes de los niños en las guarderías públicas y privadas / Structural and microbiological analysis of children´s pacifiers in public and private nursery schools

Introdução: o uso de chupetas pode trazer riscos à saúde de crianças, resultando em infecções oportunistas e acidentes. Objetivo: avaliar as condições estruturais e microbiológicas de chupetas de crianças de creches públicas e particulares da cidade de Imperatriz, Maranhão, Brasil. Métodos: trinta chupetas de crianças de creches pública (n = 15) e particular (n = 15) foram avaliadas quanto à adequação às normas brasileiras, presença de sujeira e níveis de contaminação por estreptococos do grupo mutans, Candida sp. e Enterococcus sp. Um questionário direcionado aos pais e cuidadores investigou os cuidados realizados quanto ao uso das chupetas. Resultados: as chupetas analisadas encontraram-se de acordo com a normatização vigente (100 porcento). As chupetas apresentaram-se contaminadas pelos três grupos de microrganismos estudados (>15 porcento), com maior prevalência (p < 0,05) para Candida sp (93,3 porcento). Não foi observada diferença estatisticamente significante entre o tipo de creche e a presença de contaminação ou sujeira das chupetas (p > 0,05). Conclusão: as condições estruturais e a contaminação das chupetas não variaram entre os tipos de creche, verificando-se que as condições de higiene e os cuidados necessários ao manejo das chupetas eram inadequados, apesar da adequação à legislação vigente. A escola e o cirurgião-dentista apresentam papel fundamental na mudança dessa condição(AU)

Introducción: el uso del chupete puede plantear riesgos para la salud de los niños, dando lugar a infecciones oportunistas y accidentes. Objetivo: evaluar las condiciones estructurales y microbiológicas de los chupetes de los niños en las guarderías públicas y privadas en la ciudad de Imperatriz, Maranhão, Brasil. Métodos: treinta chupetes de niños en las guarderías públicas (n = 15) y privadas (n = 15), se evaluaron teniendo en cuenta la adecuación a las normas brasileñas, la presencia de suciedad, y la presencia de contaminación por estreptococos del grupo mutans, Candida sp. y Enterococcus sp. Mediante un cuestionario dirigido a los padres y cuidadores, se investigaron los cuidados que se observan para el uso de chupetes. Resultados: los chupetes analizados cumplieron de acuerdo con la regulación actual (100 por ciento). Estuvieron contaminados por los tres grupos de microorganismos estudiados (> 15 por ciento), con mayor prevalencia (p < 0,05) para Candida sp (93,3 por ciento). No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre el tipo de cuidado de los niños y la presencia de suciedad o contaminación de los chupetes (p > 0,05). Conclusión: las condiciones morfológicas y la contaminación de los chupetes no variaron entre los tipos de guarderías, verificando que la higiene y el cuidado necesario para la gestión de los chupetes fueron insuficientes a pesar de la adecuación a las normas brasileñas. La escuela y los dentistas tienen una importante responsabilidad en modificar esta situación(AU)

Introduction: the use of pacifiers can cause risks to children health, resulting in opportunistic infections and accidents. Objective: our paper intends to evaluate the structural and microbiological conditions of children pacifiers at public and private nursery schools, in the city of Imperatriz, Maranhão, Brazil. Methods: thirty children pacifiers from public (n = 15) and private (n = 15) nursery schools, were evaluated considering their adequacy to Brazilian standards such as presence of dirt, and presence of infectivity by mutans streptococci group, Candida sp. and Enterococcus sp. The care provided for the use of pacifiers was asked to the parents and caregivers through a questionnaire. Results: the analyzed pacifiers met the Brazilian standards (100 percent). Pacifiers were infected by the three groups of microorganisms studied (>15 percent), with higher prevalence (p < 0.05) to Candida sp (93.3 percent). There was no statistically significant difference between the type of nursery school and the presence of dirt or infectivity of pacifiers (p > 0.05). Conclusion: the morphological conditions and contamination of pacifiers did not vary between the types of nursery schools, verifying that the necessary hygiene and care to the management of these pacifiers were inadequate despite the suitability to Brazilian standards. Sschool and dentists have an important hole in modifying this condition(AU)

Recurrent neutropenia induced by rifabutin in a renal transplant recipient

No abstract available.

A case of community-acquired Acinetobacter junii-johnsonii cellulitis / Celulitis por Acinetobacter junii-johnsonii adquirida en la comunidad: una presentación de caso

Acinetobacter skin and soft tissue infection outside of the traumatic wound setting are rare occurrences. The majority of cases occur in the presence of significant comorbilities and by Acinetobacter baumanii. Herein a case is reported of community-onset, health-care-associated, non-traumatic cellulitis caused by Acinetobacter, species junii-johnsonii with bacteremia. This is the first reported case of Acinetobacter junii-johnsonii skin and soft tissue infection. Hemorrhagic bullae might be one of the clinical features of Acinetobacter cellulitis.

La infección de piel y tejidos blandos por Acinetobacter no relacionada con trauma es una presentación inusual. La mayoría de los casos descritos presentan enfermedades concomitantes y son causados por Acinetobacter baumanii. Se describe un caso de celulitis no traumática por A. junii-johnsonii con bacteriemia, de inicio en la comunidad y asociado con el tratamiento médico. De acuerdo con nuestro conocimiento, éste sería el primer caso reportado de infección de tejidos blandos y piel por A. junii-johnsonii. La vesícula hemorrágica podría ser una característica clínica de celulitis por Acinetobacter.

[First Case of Trichoderma longibrachiatum infection in a renal transplant recipient in Tunisia and review of the literature]

Trichoderma species are filamentous fungi that were previously considered to be culture contaminants. Recently, with the increasing number of risk population, they are described as an emerging pathogen in immunocompromised patients. Trichoderma longibrachiatum is the most common species involved in Trichoderma infections. Here, we report the first case in Tunisia of skin infection caused by Trichoderma longibrachiatum in a renal transplant recipient. The fungus was isolated from fluid puncture of an inguinal abscess and from skin biopsy from a 46-year-old male patient who had been receiving immunosuppressive therapy. Species identification benefited from a molecular approach. Susceptibility tests performed with the use of the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing standardized methodology revealed that the organism is resistant to itraconazole, intermediate to amphotericin B and sensitive to voriconazole, posaconazole and caspofungin. The infection was successfully treated with voriconazole

Pattern of candida urinary tract infections among cancer patients in south Egypt cancer institute

The last decade has seen the sustained medical importance of opportunistic infections due to different Candida species mainly because of the worldwide increasing in the number of immunocompromised patients, who are highly susceptible to opportunistic infections. Urine samples were collected from 106 cancer patients in South Egypt Cancer Institute [SECI] that were cultured on Sabouraud dextrose agar media for isolation of Candida species. After Gram staining subculture was done on Hicrome Candida Differential Agar media. Results of the previous media were compared with those obtained with API 20C AUX yeast identification kits. The study revealed an overall isolation rate of Candida species among urinary tract infections was 20.8% [22/106]. Single type of Candida species was isolated from cancer patients with candiduria 16/22 [72.7%] while six patients had mixed species. Candida albicans was the most frequent species isolated responsible for fungal urinary tract infections 27.3% [6/22]. Non-Candida albicans species including Candida tropicalis [13.6%], Candida glabrata [13.6%], Candida stellatoides [9.1%], Candida krusei [4.5%] and Candida guilliermondii [4.5%] were also isolated. Candida albicans, Candida stellatoides and Candida guilliermondii could not be identified on chrom agar as all the isolates gave similar green colonies. Also Candida glabrata and Candida krusei could not be identified on chrom agar as they gave similar white colonies. Chrom agar identifies all Candida tropicalis as the isolates gave the typical pattern of purple to blue colonies. Candida albicans identified on Czapek Dox Agar media as they produced chlamydospores. The results of API 20C AUX were in 100% agreement with the results of Chrom agar in identification of Candida tropicalis. E-test on [SDA] was found to be an accurate method for antifungal susceptibility as it was compared with the reference broth microdilution method recommended by National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards [NCCLs]. For fluconazole the E-test demonstrated 94.1% agreement for all candida species

Candida glabrata: un oportunista emergente en vulvovaginitis / Candida glabrata: an emergent opportunist in vulvovaginitis

Introducción: El género Candida comprende varias especies; en años recientes algunas como Candida glabrata ha incrementado su frecuencia con trascendencia clínica. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio para determinar la frecuencia de Candida glabrata en 468 pacientes con sintomatología clínica para candidosis vulvovaginal, así como la sensibilidad de la misma a fluconazol por métodos de difusión en agar con sensidiscos y microdilución en caldo. Resultados: La frecuencia para esta especie fue de 12.6 %. La resistencia de Candida glabrata al tratamiento con fluconazol se corroboró en este estudio: 68.2 % de las cepas fue resistente en pruebas de placas (sensidiscos) y 51.2 % en prueba de microdilución en caldo (método NCLSI), con una concentración mínima inhibitoria de 16 μg/ml. Conclusiones: La frecuencia de Candida glabrata se ha incrementado y presenta resistencia a los tratamientos habituales, lo que influye en la persistencia y recurrencia de infecciones genitales y sistémicas.

BACKGROUND: Candida genus has various species. The incidence of C. glabrata has presented itself with more frequency over the past years with clinical importance. METHODS: A case study was made to determine the frequency of C. glabrata in 468 patients who presented clinical symptomatology for vulvovaginal candidiasis and the in vitro response for fluconazole using two methods: diffusion in agar plates and microdilution in liquid medium [NCLSI (NCCLS) method]. RESULTS: The frequency for this specie was 12.6%, almost double the frequency observed 10 years ago. The resistance of C. glabrata to fluconazole treatment was confirmed in this study, representing 68.2% resistance in all strains on test plates and 51.2% on NCLSI method with a MIC of 16 microg/ml. Conclusions: The frequency of Candida glabrata has increased over the past years. It presents resistance to usual treatments, which promotes the persistence and recurrence of genital and systemic infections.

Corynebacterium striatum infecting a malignant cutaneous lesion: the emergence of an opportunistic pathogen / Corynebacterium striatum infectando lesão cutânea maligna: a emergência de um patógeno oportunista

We described a case of a 27-year old male patient with skin and soft tissue infection of a neoplastic lesion caused by Corynebacterium striatum, an organism which has been rarely described as a human pathogen. Identification was confirmed by DNA sequencing. Successful treatment with penicillin was achieved. The role of the C. striatum as an emerging opportunistic pathogen is discussed.

Descrevemos infecção de lesão neoplásica em paciente masculino de 27 anos, envolvendo pele e partes moles, causada por Corynebacterium striatum, um microrganismo raramente descrito como patógeno humano. A identificação foi confirmada por seqüenciamento de DNA. O paciente foi tratado com penicilina, com sucesso. O papel do C. striatum como patógeno oportunista é discutido.

Fusariosis diseminada por Fusarium oxysporum en un paciente adulto con leucemia mieloide aguda y neutropenia severa febril / Disseminated fusariosis by Fusarium oxysporum in an adult patient with acute myeloid leukemia and severe febrile neutropenia

Reportamos el primer caso de fusariosis diseminada en un paciente adulto en Chile, con una neoplasia hematológica y tratamiento quimioterápico, quien evolucionó con neutropenia febril prolongada, refractaria, fuera tratado con un amplio esquema antibacteriano y desarrollara una infección multisistémica, con compromiso cutáneo, sinusal y pulmonar por Fusarium oxysporum. Cursó con refractariedad al tratamiento antifúngico con anfotericina B deoxicolato y caspofungina, utilizados en forma secuencial. El desenlace fatal de este paciente se asoció a la persistencia de la neutropenia y a la infección por un hongo filamentoso habitualmente resistente a terapia antifúngica.